耐火陶瓷纤维对作业工人皮肤的刺激作用

Irritation Effects of Refractory Ceramic Fibers on Workers' Skin

[目的]探讨耐火陶瓷纤维对作业工人皮肤的刺激作用。[方法]选择从事耐火陶瓷纤维生产和加工的281名作业工人作为接触组,274名仅接触噪声的作业工人作为对照组,进行皮肤检查和问诊,观察的效应指标主要为刺激性接触性皮炎和皮肤瘙痒症状。接触组按总粉尘质量浓度〈1、1~5、〉5 mg/m3分为低、中、高三个水平（分别为83人、128人、70人）,按纤维计数浓度〈0.1、0.1~0.5、〉0.5 f/m L分为低、中、高三个水平（分别为83人、163人、35人）。[结果]接触组刺激性接触性皮炎检出率、皮肤瘙痒发生率（13.2%、36.0%）,均高于对照组（0%、10.6%）（P〈0.05）。二者均与总粉尘质量浓度水平呈线性趋势关系（P〈0.05）,并随总粉尘质量浓度水平的增加而升高;均与纤维计数浓度水平和接触工龄无关联性（P〉0.05）。[结论]接触耐火陶瓷纤维可引起刺激性接触性皮炎和皮肤瘙痒症状等刺激作用,刺激作用与总粉尘质量浓度的关联性优于纤维计数浓度,可考虑作为制定总粉尘容许浓度的关键效应指标。

[Objective] To explore the irritation effects of refractory ceramic fibers on workers＇ skin. [Methods] This study enrolled 281 manufacturing and processing workers as the exposure group and 274 workers only exposed to noise as the control group. All subjects accepted skin examination and questionnaire interview. Irritant contact dermatitis and skin itching symptom were the concerned health effects. Low, medium, and high exposure levels were divided by the gravimetric concentration of total dust〈 1 mg/m3（83 workers）, 1-5 mg/m3（128 workers）, and 〉5 mg/m3（70 workers） and by the number concentration of fiber〈 0.1 f/m L（83 workers）, 0.1-0.5 f/m L（163 workers）, and 〉0.5 f/m L（35 workers）. [Results] The positive rate of irritant contact dermatitis in the exposure group was 13.2%, significantly higher than that of the control group（0%）（P〈0.05）; the positive rate of skin itching symptom in the exposure group（36.0%） was significantly higher than that of the control group（10.6%）（P〈0.05）. Both showed increasing linear trends with the gravimetric concentration of total dust（P〈0.05）, but not associated with the number concentration of fiber or the exposure age（P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] Exposure to refractory ceramic fibers may induce irritant contact dermatitis and skin itching symptom. Both the two effects show better correlations with the gravimetric concentration of total dust than with the number concentration of fiber, thus can be used as the key effect indicators to recommend permissible concentration of the total dust.