广东省湛江市护士工作投入状况及相关因素

Work Engagement and Associated Factors among Nurses in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province

[目的]探讨广东省湛江市护士工作投入的水平,及社会支持和工作家庭冲突对其造成的影响。[方法]便利选取该市的1 457名护士,采用一般情况调查表、《社会支持量表》《工作家庭冲突量表》及《工作投入量表》进行问卷调查。[结果]回收有效问卷1 250份。护士的社会支持、工作-家庭冲突、家庭-工作冲突、工作投入得分分别为(3.79±0.63)、(4.36±1.41)、(2.81±1.10)和(3.45±1.17)分。相关分析显示,社会支持与工作-家庭冲突和家庭-工作冲突呈负相关(r=-0.11、-0.19,P<0.01),与工作投入呈正相关(r=0.33,P<0.01);工作-家庭冲突和家庭-工作冲突与工作投入呈负相关(r=-0.28、-0.30,P<0.01)。回归分析显示,社会支持、工作-家庭冲突、家庭-工作冲突都可影响护士的工作投入,累积变异解释率为20%。同时,工作-家庭冲突和家庭-工作冲突在社会支持与工作投入之间发挥部分中介作用。[结论]广东省湛江市护士的社会支持和工作投入不高,仅略高于量表条目得分均值水平,有待进一步提高;工作-家庭冲突较高,家庭-工作冲突得分较低。增加工作中的支持既可直接促进护士的工作投入,也可通过降低护士工作与家庭间的冲突感间接增进工作投入。

[Objective] To investigate the status quo of nurses＇ work engagement in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, and assess the impacts of social support and work family conflict. [Methods] A total of 1 457 nurses in Zhanjiang were selected by convenient sampling method and investigated with general information questionnaire, Social Support Scale, Work-Family Conflict and Family-Work Conflict Scale, and Work Engagement Scale. [Results] There were 1 250 valid questionnaires returned. The scores of nurses＇ social support, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, and work engagement were 3.79±0.63, 4.36±1.41, 2.81±1.10, and 3.45±1.17 respectively. The score of social support was negatively correlated with the scores of work-family conflict and family-work conflict（r=-0.11 and-0.19, P〈0.01）, and positively correlated with the score of work engagement（r=0.33, P〈0.01）. The scores of work-family conflict and family-work conflict were negatively correlated with the score of work engagement（r=-0.28 and-0.30, P〈0.01）. The results of regression analysis showed that social support, work-family conflict, and family-work conflict could impact nurses＇ work engagement, and explained 20% of the cumulative variance. At the same time, work-family conflict and family-work conflict played a partial mediating role between social support and work engagement. [Conclusion] The scores of social support and work engagement in selected nurses in Zhanjiang are only a little higher than the average levels, which needs to be improved. The perceived work-family conflict is high while the family-work conflict is low. Nurses＇ work engagement can be promoted directly by increasing social support or indirectly through reducing sense of conflict between work and family.