红军时期的士兵委员会制度探析

On the Soldiers Committee System During the Red Army Period

红军时期的士兵委员会制度,源起于国民革命军的个别部队,建立于红军初创时期的探索和实践中,随着出现的问题及时得到调整,至1930年9月臻于完善。其历史作用主要包括:密切新型官兵关系;瓦解敌军;有效开展基层政治工作;保证党对军队绝对领导;帮助维持军纪。因而,这一制度成为红军区别于一切旧军队的重要标志之一,对于创建中国共产党领导下的新型人民军队,意义深远,毛泽东曾将其与"支部建在连上"相提并论。然而,这一制度最终于1932年被取消,其原因并非以往所认为的其职权过大、设置不合理,受到王明"左"倾错误的影响等,而主要是因为遭到了共产国际的质疑和反对,是在外力作用下被迫取消的。

The Soldiers Committee System during the Red Army period, originated in the particular units of＇the National Revolutionary Army, and was established in the exploration and practice of the start-up period of the Red Army. The problems were adjusted in time, and it was close to perfection in September 1930. Its functions main- ly include closely strengthening the official-soldier relations, disintegrating the enemy forces, effectively develo- ping the grass-roots political work, ensuring the party＇ s absolute leadership over the army, and maintaining the military discipline. Therefore, this system was one of the important symbols of the Red Army distinguishing all the old armies. Its meaning was profound in creating a new people＇ s army, and Mao Zedong compared it to ＂bran- ches are built on the company＂. However, this system was finally abolished in 1932, mainly because it was ques- tioned and opposed by the Communist International, and it was forced to cancel under the external force, rather than because its authority was excessive and its system was irrational.