线粒体蛋白酶对线粒体动力学的调控及机理

The Function and Mechanism of Proteases in Regulation on Mitochondrial Dynamics

线粒体是细胞的主要供能细胞器,也参与磷脂合成、氨基酸代谢等生物化学反应,同时参与钙离子的贮存和调节,并在细胞免疫、增殖、分化、凋亡、自噬等多种生理活动中起着重要的调节作用。线粒体相互联系,构成线粒体网络,该网络维持着分裂、融合的动态平衡。线粒体动力学即研究线粒体的分裂、融合、运动等方面,并且参与线粒体的质量控制,动力学的紊乱与代谢性疾病、神经疾病等密切相关。OPA1是调节线粒体内膜融合的重要蛋白,L-OPA1与S-OPA1对介导内膜的融合非常重要。线粒体内的蛋白酶体系通过多种机制来调节其动力学,其中很重要的机制就是剪切或降解OPA1。阐明线粒体蛋白酶的作用机理对于探明许多疾病的发病机制有着重要的意义。

Mitochondria provides main source of energy for cell and also is involved in some biochemical reactions such as phospholipid synthesis and amino acid metabolism.Mitochondria regulates the level of Ca2＋, which is an im- portant signal for some physiological activities such as immunity, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy.Mitochondria connects with each other, forming a mitochondrial network which maintains the dynamic bal- ance of fusion and fission.Mitochondrial dynamic is about the fusion, fission and transposition of the organelle and is invoved in mitochondrial quality control.The disorder of dynamics is related to metabolic diseases and neurological diseases.Optic atrophy 1 （OPA1）, which composed of L-OPA1 and S-OPA1, is of importance to regulate the fusion of mitochondrial inner membranes.The proteases in the mitochondria regulate its dynamics through a variety of mech- anisms One important mechanism is to clave or degrade OPAl.Elucidating the role of mitochondrial proteases is of great significance to reveal the pathogenesis of many diseases.