高新技术促进海洋地学科技发展

On the Functions of High Technologies in Promoting the Development of Marine Geosciences

当今海洋地学领域新理论、新学说的产生,以及海底地质构造调查研究与矿产资源勘查取得的重要突破和成果,在很大程度上是采用了高新技术及各种高分辨、高性能、高精度探测仪器的结果。显然,高新技术的应用极大促进了海洋地质科学的发展,如海洋地学的海底扩张学说/板块构造理论、沉积作用与浊流、海底地震及火山成因、古海洋学、全球变化、现代海底成矿理论、极端环境与生物群落、地下生物圈假说等。文中综述了国内外全球定位系统、海洋立体测绘新技术、海底地质采样技术、深海探矿/采矿系统、深海运载技术和我国深海技术的发展概况,并就海洋地质科技的发展,提出要形成一整套立体探测综合技术系统的建议。

Since the 1980s of the 20th century, the development of new theories in marine geosciences as well as significant new breakthroughs in seafloor geological survey and mineral resource exploration are mainly attributed to the adoption of high technologies and diverse probing instruments featured by high resolution, high performance and high precision. Obviously, the application of high technologies has been greatly promoting the development of marine geosciences, including the seafloor spreading doctrine and plate tectonic theory, sedimentation and turbid currents, the cause of formation on earthquakes and volcanoes, paleo-oceanography, global change, modern mineralization theory in seabed, extreme environment and biodiversity, and the hypothesis on underground biosphere. This paper summarizes the development status of the global positioning systems at home and abroad, new 3D marine mapping technologies, seafloor geological sampling technologies, deep-sea systems for detecting and exploiting mineral resources, and deep-sea delivery technologies, as well as the general situation of China＆#39;s deep sea technologies. Finally, this paper suggests that an overall set of comprehensive 3D probing system be established to facilitate the progress of marine geosciences in China.