城市雨洪SWMM模型的敏感参数研究综述

Summary of sensitive parameters SWMM model of urban stormwater

伴随城市化的发展,城市降雨径流水文机制发生改变,城市内涝频繁发生和水质恶化严重,最终造成城市水生态环境退化现象日益凸显。由美国EPA研发的SWMM模型成为城市降雨径流模拟研究的重要工具,广泛应用于城市降雨径流产生、输移过程及其管理措施效果等方面的模拟研究,但其参数的确定是其应用的关键性问题。可见,对SWMM模型敏感参数进行识别分类及其敏感性研究,不仅有利于降低SWMM模型应用时参数选取的工作量,还可以提高其模拟结果的准确度。将SWMM模型的主要敏感参数分为6类:汇水区性状参数、透水性地表与不透水性地表相关参数、下渗相关参数、传输模块参数、污染物累积冲刷相关参数和其他参数,并分析得出敏感参数主要受模型输出变量类型、降雨强度和土地利用类型等因素的影响。在此基础上,提出了针对SWMM模型参数敏感性方面今后研究的重点,以期为SWMM模型在国内的应用与研究提供参考。

With the development of urbanization, the hydrological mechanism of urban stormwater runoff keeps changing, which causes urban flooding, water quality worsening, and the degradation of urban water environment. SWMM model was developed by USEPA as an important tool for urban stormwater runoff simulation. It is widely used in simulation on urban stormwater runoff generation, transport processes mechanism and the effects of management measures. But how to determine the model parameters is the key issue for SWMM model application. The research on identifying sensitive parameters classification and sensitivity will not only help to reduce workload of SWMM model parameter selection, but also improve the accuracy of the model simulation results. The main sensitive parameters of SWMM model can be divided into six categories： trait parameters catchment area, permeable and non-permeable ground surface parameters, infiltration parameters, transmission module parameters, contaminants accumulate erosion related parameters and other parameters. Its sensitive parameter is mainly affected by the model output variable type, rainfall intensity and land use type and other factors. Combined with SWMM model parameter sensitivity study situation, this paper proposes the focus of future research in order to provide reference for domestic application and research.