宁夏盐池干旱风沙区六种牧草的生产性能及光合特性研究

The productive performance and photosynthetic characteristics of six forages in arid sandy area of Yanchi,Ningxia

以沙打旺、紫花苜蓿、草木樨、扁穗冰草、蒙古冰草和披碱草6种牧草为研究对象,通过测定其生产性能和光合特征参数,研究其在宁夏盐池干旱风沙区的生产能力和光合能力。结果表明:豆科的干草产量显著高于禾本科,其中草木樨植株较高,分枝数多,叶面积指数及干草产量高,生产性能较强,其次是紫花苜蓿和沙打旺;禾本科披碱草的株高、密度和分蘖数显著大于扁穗冰草和蒙古冰草,生产性能一般,两种冰草的生产性能较差;豆科的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度和相对叶绿素含量均显著大于禾本科,草木樨和紫花苜蓿光合能力较强;禾本科披碱草的水分利用效率显著高于豆科。相关分析表明,株高与分枝(分蘖)数、茎叶比、叶面积指数和干草产量呈极显著正相关,与密度、鲜干比分别呈极显著和显著负相关,茎叶比、叶面积指数与干草产量呈极显著正相关,净光合速率、蒸腾速率与胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度、叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关,气孔导度与胞间CO2浓度呈极显著正相关,与水分利用效率呈极显著负相关。

The productive performance and photosynthetic characteristics of 6 grasses（ Astragalus adsurgens,Medicago sativa,Melilotus suaveolens,Agropyron cristatum,Agropyron mongolicum and Elymus cylindricus） were studied in arid sandy area to clarify their productive performance and photosynthetic capacities. The results showed that the dry yield of legume was higher than gramineae significantly; M. suaveolens had high plant height,more branches,high leaf area index and dry yield and strong productive performance,followed by M.sativa and A. Adsurgens. Gramineae in E. cylindricus had general productive performance which had higher plant height,more density and branch number than A. mongolicum and E. cylindricus significantly,A. mongolicum and E. Cylindricus had the inferior productive performance. Legume had higher Pn,Tr,Ci,Gs and Chl content than gramineae significantly,M. suaveolens and M. Sativa had high photosynthetic capacities,E. Cylindricus had higher WUE than legume significantly. Correlation analysis showed the plant height had significant positive correlation with branch or tiller number,the stem / leaf ratio,leaf area index and dry yield and has significant negative correlation with plant density and Gross weight / Dry weight ratio,the dry yield had significant positive correlation with the stem / leaf ratio and leaf area index. Pn and Tr had significant positive correlation with Ci,Gs and Chl content,Gs had significant positive correlation with Ci and significant negative correlation with WUE.