新疆棉花生产的外部环境成本评估

Evaluating the externally environmental cost of cotton production in Xinjiang

新疆作为我国最重要的棉区,对稳定内地粮食主产区面积,保障全国棉花供给安全做出了重要贡献。但棉花大面积连作,大量使用化学物质,正面临诸多新的问题。为了正确判断新疆棉花生产面临的环境问题,实现棉花生产可持续发展,研究新疆棉花生产的外部环境成本问题并进行科学评估具有重要意义。文中运用分解求和法,列举了新疆棉花生产的负外部性影响,并对其环境成本加以评估。结果表明:新疆棉花生产的外部环境成本高达36.9099×108元,单位面积外部环境成本2144.9元·hm-2。其中,棉田灌溉水浪费的环境价值损失是新疆棉花生产中最主要的外部环境成本,其环境价值损失为24.4827×108元;化学污染环境成本也是新疆棉花生产的外部环境成本的重要组成部分,其环境成本高达9.4773×108元。研究认为,在干旱半干旱地区水资源的生态环境价值不可低估,水资源供需矛盾和棉田环境污染问题将成为新疆棉花生产可持续发展新的挑战。

Xinjiang,as the most important cotton production region in China,has contributed greatly to safeguarding the supply security of cotton for the whole China. But the cotton production in Xinjiang faces many new problems because of its slathering chemicals and its continuous cropping in a large area. To correctly judge the environmental problems that the cotton production in Xinjiang is faced with and to formulate the reasonable development ways of cotton producing,it is significant to study negative external cost of the cotton producing in Xinjiang and to evaluate it scientifically. Using Decompose Summation method,we listed the impacts of negative externality on cotton production in Xinjiang,and also evaluated its environmental cost. The results show that the externally environmental cost of cotton producing in Xinjiang was as high as 36. 9099 × 108 RMB,and the unit-area externally environmental cost of cotton production in Xinjiang was 2144. 9RMB·hm-2. Specially,the environmental value loss from water waste in irrigating of cotton fields was the leading externally environmental cost for cotton producing in Xinjiang,which was 24. 4827 × 108RMB; environmental cost from chemical pollution was also a major externally environmental cost for cotton producing in Xinjiang,which was 9. 4773 × 108 RMB. Finally,this research suggests that eco-environmental value of water in arid and semi-arid area should not be underestimated,and the sustainable development of cotton producing in Xinjiang will be challenged by chemical pollution as well as the contradiction between water supply and demand.