高低杠向后大回环技术及感知觉分析

Analysis of the Techniques and perception of Giant Swing Backward of Uneven Bars

运用文献资料、访谈等方法,结合竞技体操一线教练员、优秀运动员的教学与训练经验,通过对向后大回环技术进行详细分析后认为:向后大回环是高低杠项目重要的基础性技术之一,包括原始性技术和连接技术;原始性技术包括五个环节,其专门化感知觉主要是运动员对于各环节的发力顺序、时机及运动方位的感知能力;高低杠向后大回环连接技术分为五类,各类连接技术既相互联系又相互区别。联系:发力顺序与原始技术相同。区别:根据连接技术的不同,发力时机、运动方位则不同;向后大回环专门化感知觉能力对于技术自身发展、运动员技术发展以及完好完成有直接影响。高低杠向后大回环专门化感知觉由专门化时间、空间及运动感知觉构成,其专门化感知觉培养中应注意抓住运动员身体素质发展的"敏感期"、采用科学、有效的训练手段以及避免连接技术间混淆。此外,针对向后大回环技术特点,提出相应的提高感知觉的建议。

With literature material and interviews, combi-ning with teaching and training experiences of front-line coaches and excellent athletes as well as a detailed analy-sis of the techniques of giant swing backward,the article gets the conclusion that giant swing backward is one of the important and basic techniques of the uneven bars,inclu-ding the original techniques and the connection tech-niques. The original techniques include five parts, whose specialized perception mainly mean athletes’ perception of the movement order,timing and directions. The connection techniques are consisted of five categories, which are in-terrelated yet different from each other. They are interre-lated because their movement orders and original tech-niques are the same while their differences lie at the dif-ferent connection techniques, leading to different timings and movement directions. Therefore, the specialized per-ception of giant swing backward has a direct impact on the development of techniques itself, techniques development of an athlete and one’s performance. The specialized per-ception of giant swing backward of uneven bars are con-sisted of specialized time, space and movement percep-tion. During specialized perception training, attentions should be paid at noticing the “sensitive period” of athlete’s physical quality development, applying scientific and effective training method and avoiding the mix of con-nection techniques. Besides, based on the characteristics of the techniques of giant swing backward,corresponding suggestions to improve perception are proposed.