湖南省生态系统格局变化驱动力分析

Analysis on the driving forces of compositions and pattern changes of ecosystem in Hunan Province

利用遥感信息技术和 GIS 空间分析方法，从时间和空间上对湖南省2000～2010年间土地利用变化和景观格局动态变化过程进行了系统调查和评价，结果表明：1）10年间湖南全省表征生态环境总体变好，10年来湖南省生态系统类型以森林、耕地、灌丛为主，分别占全省土地面积的41．1％，30．0％，20％，湿地、城镇、草地、裸地合计仅占7．9％；2）生态系统空间格局变化及双向转换主要集中在城镇与耕地生态系统互转，城镇面积增加明显，耕地减少显著，可见人类经济活动是湖南生态系统类型空间格局变化的主要因素；3）全省的斑块破碎化程度较高，景观完整性较差，因此城镇化建设过程中，加大绿地斑块和建设绿地廊道链接分离的绿地景观，实现城镇与周边森林、灌木、湿地等保护核心区的连接，既能维护整个区域的生态连续性，成为研究区内生态流之间的高效通道和联系途径，以达到社会经济与生态保护的可持续性发展．

Study on composition rules and pattern changes of ecosystem during the rapid development of economy and society has an important guiding significance for the construction of well -off society,how to handle the relationship between environment and development.The remote sensing information technology and GIS space was used to investigate and assess the changes of land use and landscape pattern dynamic in Hunan Province during 2000 ~2010.The results showed that,Woodland,cultivated land and Shrub land is the main ecosystem types in Hunan Province during 2000 ~2010,which respectively accounted for 41.1%,30.0%,20% of the whole province area,while wetlands,urban land,grassland and bare land made only 7.9% in total.Most of spatial pattern change of ecosystem and the bidirectional transformation mainly occurre in the urban land and farmland ecological system.The urban area of increase mostly come from cultivated land,woodland and shrub land.The area of farmland decrease mostly come from urban land.Ecological environment is getting better in Hunan Province during 2000 ~2010.The patches in woodland,shrub land,cultivated land and bare land declined in its number and which of area increased,and terrestrial ecosystems function and condition is becoming better.But patch Fragmentation of ecological system is relatively large,and landscape is poor integrity.Human economic activities are the main factors to spatial patterns change of ecosystem.In view of the above,the government should take policies of the maximum slow the development of important ecological function areas in eastern,southern,western,Dongting Lake area in Hunan Province,core area to prohibit the development.It is necessary to prohibit farmland to develop urban land,and strictly abide by the cultivated land redline.The construction of city green land patch pattern and urban green corridors could contribute to maintaining the regional ecological system continuity,and promoting the sustainable development of social economy and ecological protection.