才与学的辩证——从皎然“作用”说看中国古代诗论中的学问观

Dialectical Relationship Between Talent and Knowledge:An Analysis of Knowledge Concept in Traditional Chinese Poetic Theory from Jiao Ran's “Function Theory”

中国古代诗论在对待学问上存在着一个辩证的结构——作家既要有丰富的学问,又要将学问不著痕迹地熔炼进自己的主体情志之中。皎然"作用"说凸显了这一点:"诗有六至"、"诗有四深"、"诗有四离"把作家的学问、思致看作创作得以展开的质的规定性;"不用事"、"作用事"等五格论诗体制表面上看似乎排斥典故等学问,但深层次上却要建立以作者情性为本、学问为辅的文本秩序;十九字论诗中对"意"的突出进一步把文本中显现出来的"境"落实为理想的审美范式。可以说,皎然诗论中的学问观或隐或显地影响着中国古代诗论,一方面它是魏晋以来学问观的总结,另一方面它又是清代"重情"诗论思想的立论依据。

There is a dialectical not only be knowledgeable, but can this view illuminated. In his opinion, but ＂Li＂ makes it possible for a work poetry, and he prefers to treat traditi structure in traditional Chinese poetic theory which demands that poets should also present knowledge in an artistic way. Jiao Ran＇s ＂function theory＂ makes ＂Zhi＂, a core factor of knowledge , plays an important role in creating poetry, to be finished. Superficially speaking, Jiao Ran avoids using allusions to create onal literary ma-terials as important clues to guide readers to understand works essentially. Last but not least, Jiao Ran attaches great importance to artistic conception in his system, giving digm to the whole history of traditional Chinese literary theory. On one hand,Jiao Ran＇s poetic theory makes mary to the knowledge concept from Wei Dynasty. On the other hand, it has a great effect on literary theory Dynasty. a para- a sum- in Qing