波尔多液防治苹果轮纹病的持效期及其影响因素研究

Protective Duration and Influencing Factors of Bordeaux Mixture against Apple Ring Rot

为了明确200倍倍量式波尔多液防治苹果轮纹病的持效期及田间环境因素对其持效期的影响,通过孢子萌发法测定了200倍倍量式波尔多液保护苹果(富士品种)幼果和1年生枝条免受苹果轮纹病侵染的持效期及其影响因素。结果表明:室内条件下,200倍倍量式波尔多液在幼果上的保护作用防效高于50%的持续时间为15 d,在1年生枝条上保护作用防效高于50%的持续时间为7 d;在室外条件下,200倍倍量式波尔多液的持效期主要受降雨影响,受光照影响较小。不同时间的单次降雨(10 mm)对幼果上200倍倍量式波尔多液持效期的影响无显著差异,但对1年生枝条上200倍倍量式波尔多液持效期的影响存在差异,施药后1 d降雨对其持效期无显著影响,施药后3 d和5 d降雨对其持效期产生了显著影响。

In order to confirm the effective duration of 0. 5% bordeaux mixture（ CuSO4 ∶ CaO∶ H2 O =1∶ 2∶ 200） against apple ring rot and the influencing factors under field conditions,the study tested the ef-fective duration of 0. 5% bordeaux mixture on the surface of fruitlets and of one year branches of Fuji based on conidial germination tests. The results revealed that under indoor conditions,the duration of 0. 5% bordeaux mixture with protection effect higher than 50% was 15 days on the surface of fruitlets, while it was only 7 days on the surface of one year branches. Under field conditions,the effective duration of 0. 5% bordeaux mixture was more likely to be influenced by rainfall than sunlight. A single rainfall （10 mm） at different time did not affect the effective duration of 0. 5% bordeaux mixture on the surface of fruitlets,but affected that on the surface of one year branches,rainfall after one day of its applying had no significant effect on its effective duration,while rainfall after 3—5 days of its applying significantly re-duced the inhibiting effect against spore germination.