云南农田土壤中活蛔虫卵污染情况及影响因素分析

Farmland Soil Contamination of Live Ascaris Lumbricoides Egg and its Causing Factors in Yunnan

目的了解云南省农田土壤中活蛔虫卵污染现状,探讨活蛔虫卵污染土壤的影响因素。方法根据《2013年全国农村环境卫生监测项目技术方案》,抽取16个州(市)45个县892个行政村进行调查并采集土壤样品,采用饱和硝酸盐漂浮法检测土壤中蛔虫卵污染情况,使用SPSS 17.0对数据进行统计分析。结果土壤中蛔虫卵检出率为46.5%,阳性土样中平均有蛔虫卵1.7(0.5,4.3)个/g;活蛔虫卵检出率为30.9%,阳性土样中平均有活蛔虫卵1.0(0.3,3.0)个/g。卡方统计显示:生活垃圾收集方式、有无环境卫生管理制度、是否做过专门的环境卫生规划、是否开展过环境卫生相关健康教育、村中有无卫生经费投入、土壤质地,对农田土壤中活蛔虫卵检出有影响(P<0.05),尚不能认为土壤湿度、p H值和土壤中植物根系对农田土壤中活蛔虫卵检出有影响(P>0.05),多因素逐步Logistic回归显示:生活垃圾收集方式和有无环境卫生管理制度与土壤中活蛔虫卵检出率呈负相关(P<0.05),是影响农田土壤中活蛔虫卵污染的主要因素。结论云南农田中蛔虫卵和活蛔虫卵检出率仍较高,应引起重视。建立环境卫生管理制度和统一收集生活垃圾可降低农田土壤中活蛔虫卵的污染机会,在农村地区应大力推进创建"卫生先进示范村"工作。

Objective To understand the status of live ascaris lumbricoides egg contamination in farmland soil and its causing factors in Yunnan. Methods The survey was conducted in 892 administrative villages from 45 counties in Yunnan, and 892 soil samples were collected according to the Technical Scheme for Monitoring the Pro- ject of National Rural Environmental Health in 2013. Live ascaris lumbricoides egg was detected by the method of floating egg with saturated nitrate. All data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results The detection rate for ascaris lumbricoides egg was 46.5 % in all samples, the average count of ascaris lumbricoides egg was 1.7 （0.5, 4.3 ） / of positive soil samples, and the detection rate for live ascaris lumbricoides egg was 30. 9% in all samples, the aver- age count of live egg was 1.0 （0. 3, 3.0） /gram of positive soil sample. Chi-square test showed that the mode of collecting domestic wastes, the texture of soil, whether a system on environmental health management has been es- tablished, if any special plan on environmental health has been done, whether the health education has been car- ried out, and the presence or absence of investment on environmental health were related to the detection rate of live ascaris lumbricoides egg in farmland soil（P 〈0.05）, but the humidity, pH of soil and plant roots in soil were not considered relating with the detection rate of live ascaris lumbricoides egg in farmland soil（P 〉 O. 05）. Multi- ple stepwise Logistic regression analysis showed that the mode of collecting domestic wastes and whether a system of environmental health management has been established were significantly negative correlated with the detection rate of live ascaris lumbricoides egg in farmland soil （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions The detection rate of ascaris lumbricoides egg and live ascaris lumbricoides egg in farmland soil in Yunnan was still high. The detection rate of live ascaris lumbricoides egg was decreased with establishing a system on environmental health and unified collecting domestic garbage; so the work on creating ＇Advanced Sanitary Model Villages＇ should be vigorously promoted in rural areas.