西北内陆中心城市低收入人口居住空间及其社会效应——以兰州市为例

Northwest Inland City Low-Income People Living Space and Social Effect——in Lanzhou City as an Example

以兰州市各街道的低收入人口为研究对象,根据2013年6月进行的兰州市居民调查问卷和棚户区统计数据,借助Arc GIS10.0、SPSS平台,综合运用数理统计、反距离空间插值、主成分因子分析和聚类分析等方法,揭示兰州市低收入人口的属性特征、空间分布、聚居类型及社会效应。结果表明:在社会属性方面,低收入人口主要是低龄、低学历、下岗及退休、无职业且家庭结构较复杂人口;在空间分布方面,低收入人口"西高东低"分布不均衡,呈现"多中心"组团结构,"核心—边缘"特点明显;在聚居类型方面,可将其居住空间划分为原住型、流动型和移民型;在社会效应方面,带来空间分异、居住隔离、资源剥夺和公共安全等一系列社会问题,建议通过调整福利政策、倡导混合居住、拓宽就业渠道和加强规划引导等措施加以消解。

In Lanzhou city, the street of the low-income population for the study, according to Shantytowns statistics and the Lanzhou city residents questionnaire conducted in June 2013,with ArcGIS10.0, SPSS platform, integrated use of mathematical statistics,inverse distance interpolation, principal component factor analysis and poly class analysis and other methods to reveal the properties characteristic, the low-income population, spatial distribution, settlement type and social effects of Lanzhou City. The results showed that： in social attributes, the low-income population is mainly young, low education, laid-off and retired, no job and family structure is more complex population; in spatial distribution, the low-income population ＂west to east＂ distribution is not balanced, showing ＂multi-center＂ group structure ,＂coreperiphery＂ feature significantly; in settlements types, which can be divided into indigenous type of living space, mobile type and immigrant type; in social effects, with to spatial variation, residential segregation, deprivation of resources and public security, and other social problems, by adjusting the welfare policy, advocating mixed residential and broaden employment channels and strengthen planning guidance and other measures to digestion.