试析20世纪三四十年代自由主义学人的民主宪政理想

Analysis on Ideals of Democracy and Constitutionalism of Modern Chinese Liberal Intellectuals in 1930s and 1940s

20世纪30至40年代,部分自由主义学人以《新月》《独立评论》《观察》等期刊为阵地,表达了中国应该实行民主宪政的政治主张。大多数自由主义者认为,民主是世界发展的潮流,宪政是可以习得的政治生活习惯,中国应当实行英美式的政治民主与苏联的经济民主相结合的民主政治,民主宪政的理想必须有适宜的制度支撑。自由主义学人关于近代中国民主宪政的思想主张在政治思想史上理应占有一席之地。

In twentieth century 30 to 40 years, some liberal intellectuals in Crescent, Independent Review, Ob-servation and other periodicals as the position, published various opinions about the national govern-ment should implement democratic constitutionalism. Most liberal intellectuals thought that democracy is the trend of world development and the constitutionalism is a political habit that can be learned. China should implement the Anglo-American-style political democracy combining the economic democracy of Soviet Union. The ideals of democratic constitutionalism must have appropriate institu-tional support. Modern Chinese liberal scholars＇ thought about the idea of democratic constitutionalism should be a place in the modern Chinese history of politics and ideology.