论魏晋笑话的文体成熟——以邯郸淳《笑林》为中心

The Development of Humor as a Genre in the Wei and Jin Dynasties Based on Handan Chun's Forest of Humor

魏晋时期的文学自觉和清谈之风推动了魏晋笑话的文体成熟。以娱乐为主要目的和文体的独立是魏晋笑话成熟的重要标志。先秦笑话的主要目的在于说理,两汉笑话的目的是娱乐与说理并重,魏晋笑话的主要目的则在于娱乐。先秦两汉时期的笑话存在于诸子散文和历史散文之中,不是一种独立的文体,而魏晋笑话发展成为一种独立的文体。魏晋笑话对后世笑话产生了深远影响,在中国古代笑话发展的历程中,以《笑林》为代表的魏晋笑话具有奠基性的作用。

Literary egoism and the popularity of talk show in the Wei and Jin Dynasties helped the formation of humor as a genre, symbolized by its pure entertainment purpose and its independence from any other literary genres. The main purpose of humor or jokes in the PreQin period was to teach lessons, while in the Han dynasty it developed into the combination of teaching lessons as well as entertaining. Only when it came to the Wei and Jin Dynasties that humor began to take entertainment as its only purpose and became textually independent from other essays or historical works. Humors of the Wei and Jin Dynasties had greatly influenced the process of China＇ humor history and Handan Chun＇ s Forest of Humor can be taken as the ground-breaking masterpiece.