南京国民政府中小学体育教育目标探微

The Nanjing National Government's Physical Education Goals for Primary and Secondary School

教育目的统帅体育教育目标,体育教育目标须以教育目的为旨归.因教育宗旨是国家教育活动的出发点和归宿,规约着教育活动的性质和方向,是学校教育课程与目标确定、教育内容与方法选择、教育效果评价的根本依据,所以南京国民政府在建立之初就确定了"三民主义教育宗旨",并以此为旨归,从机体之充分发达、各种技能与能力之培成、品格与人格之陶冶三个方面订立学校体育教育目标.南京国民政府订立的中小学体育教育目标表面上以解决民生问题为目标,但是其真正的目标在于通过学校体育教育为党、国培养忠勇、服从、守法、守纪律的顺民,其实现效果差,所以实现效果较差。中外教育发展史告之,现代教育宗旨应体现促进人的现代化和人的全面发展的价值取向,学校体育教育应以促进人的现代化和人的全面发展为目标。

The Nanjing national government laid down the educational purpose of the three principles of the people personality. On the surface, the education goals purported to solve problems concerning the people＇s livelihood, but they were actually in service of the cultivation of, through physical education, loyal, obedient, law-abiding and disci- plined docile subjects for the party and the state. The goals were far from fulfilled. History of education history, Chi- nese or foreign, demonstrates that the ultimate goal of modern education should reflect the value orientations of hu- man modernization and all-round development, and that school physical education should aim to promote the realiza- tion of these values.