碳二加氢精制催化剂研究进展

Advances in C_2 Hydrofining Catalyst Research

催化选择加氢工艺技术是提纯裂解烯烃最普遍的方法,而碳二加氢精制催化剂是乙烯分离工艺流程的关键技术之一。介绍了国内外碳二选择性加氢精制催化剂的发展现状,包括催化剂的制备工艺、催化剂的载体、活性组分及助催化剂的进展情况。对碳二馏分选择性加氢反应机理进行了探讨,深入分析了空速、反应温度、一氧化碳浓度及氢炔比等因素对催化剂使用性能的影响。提出了碳二加氢精制催化剂的发展方向,一是加强对蛋壳型催化剂的研究,将活性组分钯分布在载体表面壳层,使钯层更薄,提高钯的利用率,使之表现出更好的碳二加氢反应活性和乙烯选择性;二是通过添加其他组分对钯基催化剂进行改性,发展多组分钯基催化剂,以提高乙烯选择性、减少绿油生成量和延长催化剂运行周期。因此,开发出高活性、高乙烯选择性、高空速、低绿油生成量、再生性能更好的非贵金属催化剂具有现实意义。

Selective catalytic hydrogenation is the most commonly used method for purifying and cracking olefin and C2 hydrofining catalyst technology is one of the key technologies used in the ethylene separation process.This article describes the development of C2 selective hydrofining catalysts both within and outside of China,including advances in catalyst preparation technology,catalyst carriers,active components and promoters. The article also examines the mechanism of C2 fraction selective hydrogenation and analyzes the effect of such factors as air speed ,reaction temperature ,concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrogen/acdtylene ratio on the performance of catalysts.The article points out the direction of C2 hydrofining catalyst development. Firstly,researchers will strengthen the research on eggshell-shaped catalysts,which would distribute active component ciency of searchers palladium on the surface of the carrier to make the palladium layer thinner,increasing the effi- using palladium and giving it better C2 hydrogenation activity and ethylene selectivity.Secondly,re- will try to modify palladium-based catalysts by adding other components and develop multi-compo- nent palladium-based catalysts in order to improve ethylene selectivity,reduce generation of green oil and ex- tend the lives of catalysts.Therefore ,it is of practical significance to develop a non-noble metal catalyst with high activity ,high ethylene selectivity ,high air speed,low green oil generation and better regenerability.