MOOCs:从缘起演变到实践新常态——兼论“创客”、“互联网+”时代的发展机遇与挑战

MOOCs: From the Origin and Evolution to New Normal of Practice:On Development Opportunity and Challenge in “Maker” and “Internet+” Era

MOOCs不仅逐渐改变着学和教的方式,而且能为学习者免费提供优质课程资源,其交互特性进而实现了师生与资源的相融共生。通过对中外相关文献的综述和分析,对MOOCs的诞生、演变类型进行了深层次解读,并对MOOCs发展的理论基础以及实践案例中所体现出的学习群体、运行模式等进行了详细阐述。在新一代移动网络技术、大数据学习分析技术发展背景下,MOOCs常态化建设主要包括五方面:发展路径(智慧学习)、受众对象(多元化)、学习模式(混合式)、本体演化(SPOC)及重点发展方向(教育公平)。此外,伴随着"创客"、"互联网+"时代的到来,MOOCs发展值得关注的问题有推动创业类课程建设、解决就业与创新能力培养及拓展个性化学习(MOOCs2.0),实现从知识共享走向知识创造等。

MOOCs have increasingly changed the way of students＇ learning and teachers＇ teaching, provided free courses for a lot of learners in the world and achieved the symbiotic relationship between the learners, teachers and resources based on its interactive features. Based on a literature review of the related researches, the origin and evolution of MOOCs is deeply analyzed, and the theoritical framework of MOOCs and learning group and operation model of MOOCs are elaborated. Under the background of new generation of mobile technology and big data analytic technology, normalization construction of MOOCs has been proposed from development path（smart learning）, target audience（diversification）, learning model（hybrid）, ontology evolution（SPOC） and developing direction（educational equality）. With the coming of ＂Maker＂ and ＂Internet＋＂ era, entrepreneurship courses, employment, innovation and personalized learning（MOOCs2.0） are emphasized during the development of MOOCs, so as to realize from knowledge sharing to knowledge creation.