“诗亡”乃诗教亡——论王夫之对“诗亡然后《春秋》作”的阐释

Wang Fuzhi and his interpretation of Spring and Autumn Annals

王夫之详察周代历史,并统观明代中后期的诗风及其与明代社会的相互影响,在此基础上,他对"诗亡然后《春秋》作"进行了深度的阐释。首先,他认为诗亡、《春秋》作的时间是周桓王之时,桓王时代王政败坏,教化不行,天子受诸侯所制,孔子不得已作《春秋》以正名分。其次,他认为诗亡有两层含义,其一是指王朝陈诗制度不再施行,民间诗歌哀音乱节也不足以取用,因此,不再有诗收录于《诗》;其二是指诗教亡失于天下,因而由《春秋》承担起教化之责。王夫之的这种阐释具有理论价值和现实意义。

Wang Fuzhi observes Zhou, and Ming dynasties in relation to the poetic style and social in- fluences. He argues then that Confucius compiles the Spring and Autumn Annals as a result of the demise of poetry during the reign of Emperor Huan of Zhou, when the politics is corrupt and tradition discarded. Besides, the demise of poetry owns two meanings, namely, the archaic poetic system and melancholic folk poetry of Zhou are no longer in use. A substitute of poetry is to spread the education. No more new poems are collected to the Book of Songs.