《水浒传》招安问题的社会学解析

A sociological analysis of the surrendering of the outlaws for amnesty in Water Margin

从社会学角度看,我们发现梁山泊群体主动寻求招安而忠义报国的终极追求,这一看似"忠义"的动机并非那么"高尚",有其潜在"自我实现"的社会角色转换等"私心"存在,而其借招安实现的角色转换与社会流动形成的身份提升也显然带有"犯罪——带罪——脱罪"的路径特征。尽管接受招安后的梁山泊群体实现了从"罪犯"到"忠臣"的角色转换,而新角色必有的社会规范与责任担当,加之社会失范的现实与曾经的越轨行为,则使他们陷入了一种支配角色与受支配角色的二难角色状态,扮演了注定的悲剧角色。

From a sociological point of view, the outlaws atoning for the governmental amnesty are noble for their loyalty and honesty; but not revengeful. However, there exist the changes of roles of the out- laws in self-realization and selfishness, featured in being criminals and acquitting. Despite their successful switch of roles, the Liangshan outlaws are doomed to come across the dilemma of playing their either role well. So, tragedy is inevitable.