我国社会养老保险制度对不同人群收入差距的影响效果分析——基于基尼系数的分解和测算

Analysis of China's Social Pension System Effect on the Income Gap between Different Groups:Decomposition and Calculation Based on Gini Coefficient

社会养老保险制度作为一种收入再分配制度,理论上可以缩小不同人群在初次分配中形成的收入差距。本文将工作人群和退休人群按照地区、城乡和不同工作单位性质进行划分,对不同人群的基尼系数进行测算和分解。通过研究得到以下结论:我国社会养老保险制度的改革完善过程减轻了退休人群中代内收入差异程度,代际间的收入不平等则进一步加强。由于我国社会养老保险体系分割化、碎片化的设计,使得地区、城乡,以及不同工作单位性质成为养老金不平等的重要原因。因此,社会养老保险制度的收入再分配并没能向低收入人群倾斜,也没能惠及灵活就业人员和农民工等由于体系设计及自身工作性质等原因而被排斥在体系外的人群。

As a system of income redistribution, pension can narrow the gap of primary distribution of income. In this paper, the working people and retirees were divided according to urban and rural areas, and the different nature of work. Then the Gini coefficient of different groups were measured and decomposed. In conclude, the reform of China’s pension system con-tributed to narrow the gap of retirement population income, but intergenerational income inequality will further strengthen. Due to the design’s partition and fragmentation, the difference of area, urban and rural areas, and nature of work are the im-portant reasons for pension inequality. Therefore, the redistribution of pension system cannot incline to low income people, also failed to benefit the flexible employers and migrant rural workers.