放牧影响下植物群落结构特征分析

Analysis on Characteristics of Community Structure under the Grazing Influence

对家庭牧场内轻牧区、中牧区和重牧区进行样地调查,研究不同放牧梯度上群落种类组成的变化、物种结构异质性变化和放牧强度对群落功能的影响,结果表明,该家庭牧场内部轻牧区和重牧区空间异质性较强,中牧区空间异质性相对较弱;适度放牧有利于植物群落的恢复演替;在家庭牧场中,人为活动在草地生产力对物种多样性的响应机制中产生主要影响;家庭牧场的植物群落异质性有助于指导家庭牧场合理放牧,保护生态环境,达到生态效益和经济效益最大化。

The light,moderate and heavy grazing area in family ranch was investigated. Effects of community species components variation, the structure change of species heterogeneity and grazing intensity on community function under different grazing gradient were studied. The results showed that the family ranch had strong spatial heterogeneity at light grazing area and heavy grazing area,and the spatial heterogeneity was relatively poor at moderate grazing area. Moderate grazing was in favor of restoring succession of plant communities. Human activities had a major impact on the mechanisms of grassland productivity responding to species diversity in the family ranch. The spatial heterogeneity of plant communities in the family ranch could guide reasonably grazing for the family ranch, protect the environment, and achieve maximized ecological and economic benefits.