安徽省奶牛养殖场粪便中甾体雌激素污染特征研究

Pollution Characteristics of Steroid Estrogens in Feces from Concentrated Dairy Feeding Farms of Anhui Province

[目的]研究安徽省奶牛养殖场粪便中甾体雌激素的污染特征。[方法]利用气相色谱-质谱联用测定了安徽省6个规模化奶牛养殖场奶牛粪便及养殖场周边水样和粪便堆积场土样中雌激素的种类和浓度。[结果]奶牛粪便中的甾体雌激素主要以雌酮(E1)、17α-雌二醇(17α-E2)和17β-雌二醇(17β-E2)3种形式存在,其中17α-E2的含量最高。不同生理时期奶牛粪便中雌激素排放总量分别为青年期奶牛432.90μg/kg,泌乳期奶牛为1 114.51μg/kg,干奶期奶牛1 540.13μg/kg,不同养殖场中奶牛的雌激素排放总量及E1、17α-E2和17β-E2所占比例无明显差异。奶牛日平均雌激素排放17β-E2当量值为931.51μg/(头·d),以此推算可知安徽省奶牛养殖场通过粪便排放的年雌激素当量为23.24 kg/a。奶牛养殖场附近水塘水样及粪便堆积场土样中17β-E2当量总浓度分别为1 252.02ng/L和1 424.21μg/kg,表明粪便不加任何处理堆置存放存在潜在的环境风险。[结论]该研究可为安徽省奶牛养殖场的科学管理及甾体雌激素的有效去除提供技术参考。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to study pollution characteristics of steroid estrogens in feces from concentrated dairy feeding farms of A nhui Province. [ Method ] Estrogen＇ s level and type in feces of six concentrated dairy feeding farms in Anhui Province, soil sample of feces dump and water sample around dairy feeding farms were investigated using GC - MS method. [ Result] Estrogens in dairy feces mainly included E1, 17α-E2 and 17β-E2, and concentration of 17α-E2 was the highest. During the youth period of cow, the emission of estrogen was the least, with total steroid estrogen concentration of 432.90 μg/kg. Lactation cows had higher estrogen emission, with total estrogen concentration of 1 114.51 μg/kg. During dry milk period, the total estrogen emission was 1 540.13 μg/kg. Cows in the same period tended to have similar total quantity and similar proportion of different kinds of estrogens in different dairy farms. Dairy daily mean 17β-E2 equivalent estrogen excrement was 931.51 μg/（ cow · d）. The total estrogen excrement of all the dairies in Anhui in one year was 23.24 kg. 17β-E2 equivalent estrogen concentrations in the water sample and dump near the dairy farm were 1 252.02 ng/L and 1 424.21 μg,/kg, proved that if without any disposal, the excrement may have potential ecological risk. [ Conclusion] The research could provide technical reference for scientific management of dairy feeding farm and effective removal of steroid estrogens.