中国农业政策转变研究

Study of Chinese Agricultural Policy Changes

改革开放30多年以来,我国农业和农村经济的迅速发展,取得了举世属目的成绩。但是,近年来,随着世界经济危机、欧债危机的爆发,我国农业经济中的各种发展问题不断暴露出来,特别是产业之间的结构性矛盾比较突出。究其原因,主要是当前我国农业政策的调整速度远远落后于农业发展速度。因此,调整农业政策是促进农业发展的基本要求。该研究追溯了新中国成立以来我国农业政策转变的阶段及原因,并从农产品进出口政策、农产品价格政策、农业金融政策、一般服务政策、直接支付政策、农产品市场推入政策、农业结构政策等7个方面分析了今后我国农业政策调整的重点。提出了处理好农业政策同市场机制之间、农业政策与农业法律法规之间的关系,保持新中国成立后农业政策目标的相对稳定性,努力提高农业政策手段的科学性,促进农业政策与国际贸易规则的协调发展等政策建议,这对于促进我国农业经济发展健康、稳定、持续发展十分重要。

Since the reform and opening up more than 30 years, Chinese agriculture and rural economy developed rapidly, and made universally achievements. However, in recent years, with the world economic crisis, the European debt crisis, Chinese agricultural economic development problems exposed continuously, especially in the structural contradictions between the industries. The reason is mainly to the speed of adjusting the current agricultural policy in China lags far behind the pace of development and agriculture. So, the adjustment of agricultural policy is the basic requirement for promoting agricultural development. The stages and reasons for agricultural policy transition since the establishment of People＇ s Republic of China were reviewed. The key points of agricultural policy adjustment in China were analyzed from 7 aspects of agricultural products import and export policy, agricultural products price policy, agricultural finance policy, general service policy, direct payment policy, agricultural products market access policy, agricultural structure policy. This paper argues that, handling the relationship between agricultural policy and market mechanisms, agricultural policy and agricultural laws correctly, maintaining the relative stability of the agricultural policy objectives, and striving to improve the scientific nature of the agricultural policy instruments, promoting the coordinated development of agricultural policies and international trade rules and so on, all of these, are very important for the promotion of China＇s agricultural economy healthy, stable and sustainable development.