英国约克静修所的道德疗法初探

The Historical Context of Village Community in Western Europe:Analysis and Definition of the Concept

约克静修所是18世纪贵格派教徒在约克城附近开设的一所私立疯人院,那里率先放弃对疯者的监禁、穿紧身衣、鞭笞及突然的冷水浴等治疗措施,而是采用了道德疗法。道德疗法被认为是一种基于善良原则之上、持续的温和及慈爱,鼓励患者通过自我约束达到治愈的目的,约克静修所的医护人员认为这是影响疯癫患者的唯一理性的方式。我们应该对约克静修所的道德疗法给予客观的、历史的评价,既看到其所起的积极作用,同时也要看到其历史局限。考察这一时期约克静修所的道德疗法,对理解疯癫治疗史的发展演变,以及从医疗社会史的角度理解英国社会的进步与历史发展,意义重大。

This paper attempts to start from the definition of the concept of village community and some other related concepts.It reveals and analyzes the existing misunderstanding in domestic academic on the village community concept.And from the point of view of etymology,it further analyzes the basic connotation and the characteristics of the western village community,so as to provide a reference for domestic research on historiography.