论海外奢侈品消费对近代英国社会的推动

Overseas Luxury Consumption's Promotion of Modern British Society

自地理大发现和新航路开辟以来,经济全球化和世界贸易一体化加速了人口、资本、物品在全球范围内的流动和交流,欧洲人显示出了对海外各类奢侈品的独特爱好和狂热需求。17—18世纪以来,随着英国的崛起、海外殖民帝国的确立和海洋霸权的掌控,大西洋贸易和欧亚贸易对英国资本主义的发展和工业革命启动起了重大作用。来自亚洲的奢侈品茶叶、瓷器、印花布、咖啡等以及来自美洲的蔗糖、烟草、巧克力等丰富和改善了英国人的饮食习惯、膳食营养和生活品味,而英国社会各阶层对奢侈品的旺盛需求也深深刺激了本国的海外贸易、产品技术革新,对于消费革命和工业革命的发生以及向消费社会的转型具有重大意义。

Since the age of the great geographical discovery,the economic globalization and integration of world trade have accelerated the global flows and exchanges of population,capital and goods.In the early period the Europeans showed vigorous demands on overseas various luxuries.In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,along with the rise of the British colonial empire and the control of the marine hegemony,the Atlantic trade and Eurasian trade played a significant role in the growing of British capitalism and the start of the Industrial Revolution.The luxury tea,porcelain,printed cloth and coffee from Asia as well as sugar,tobacco,chocolate from America enriched and improved British people's eating habits,dietary and lifestyle.The domestic growing demands for overseas luxury goods deeply stimulated the expansion of British overseas trade and product innovation.It was also of great significance for the consumer revolution,the industrial revolution and the transtition to a consumer society.