假冲突话语防御性回应方式及其语用理据

Defensive Responses to Playful Conflict Talks and Their Pragmatic Motivations

现实言语交际中,广泛存在的假冲突话语易引发攻击性回应和防御性回应,不同的回应方式对会话进程的后续发展、言语双方的关系走向产生至关重要的影响。假冲突话语正面防御性回应方式有同势反驳、述因阐释、劝说建议;侧面防御性回应方式有转移主角、隐喻事理、搁置话题。这些相对隐蔽的语言反击策略,突显了言语选择中的显性顺应——顺应语言语境,以及隐性顺应——顺应交际语境,能有效化解冲突,推动交际向和谐方向发展,有利于提升人际关系,促进言语创新,具有较高的语用学与社会学效用。

Playful conflict talk is widespread in daily verbal communication and often leads to offensive or defensive response. Different response strategies influence the verbal development and the relationship between speakers. In order to enrich the study field of conflicting talk, and explore its pragmatic and social effects, main defensive responses to the playful conflict talk are studied and their pragmatic motivations are analyzed on the basis of Adaptation Theory. The direct response patterns include： tit for tat, cause and effect, and effective suggestion. Subject changing, analogy and setting aside the topic are the main indirect patterns. These covert counter-attack strategies are found to reveal the obvious adaptation to the language context and subtle adaptation to communicative context. They are helpful to deal with conflicts, improve interpersonal harmony, and even innovate verbal expressions.