小说叙述者视角下的《竞选州长》

Running for Governor from the Narrator's Perspective

从小说叙述者的视角看,作家马克·吐温借短篇小说《竞选州长》指出了小说作者并非小说叙述者,作者不直接专断地叙述故事,而是通过"隐含作者"将故事提供给文本叙述者,叙述者再将故事叙述呈现给读者。其间,作者以"隐含作者"的身份置身于作品中,站在高处统观全局;叙述者可以是个人物,也可以是个声音或者符号,他(它)充当着沟通作者与读者的媒介的同时,又不单是媒介,其叙述的可靠性取决于读者判断;真实读者不同于"隐含读者",付诸叙述者各种各样的期待。这种叙述视角以及非人物化叙述者在小说中的介入不仅为小说创作、阅读提供了一定的借鉴,更增强了文本的可阐释性。

From the perspective of the narrator of the novel, Mark Twain points out in Running for Governor that the author of a novel is not the narrator of the novel, and that the author does not give an arbitrary account of a story, but presents the story through the“implied author” to the narrator, who in turn presented the narration to the reader. The author takes an omniscient view of the narration, being the “implied author”, and the narrator can be a character in the scene, a voice or a signal, who is at once the media between author and reader and more than the media, leaving the authenticity of the narration for the reader to judge. Real readers differ from the “implied author”. They endow the author various kinds of anticipation. The intervention of the narrative perspective and non-human narrator enhances the writing’s creativity and interpretability.