杂草稻的发生、危害与我国水稻生产面临的挑战

Occurrence and Damage of Weedy Rice and Its Threats to Rice Production in China

水稻是重要的粮食作物,其高产稳产对世界粮食安全具有重要作用。杂草稻是稻田恶性杂草,对水稻的产量及品质均有很大危害,对我国未来的水稻生产带来了巨大的挑战,威胁着我国的粮食安全。介绍了杂草稻的种子落粒性、杂草性、种子休眠性、红果皮、生活周期短、快速适应性进化等基本特性而带来的危害,以及杂草稻的可能起源、遗传多样性和扩散方式对杂草稻防治带来的巨大困难。鉴于目前对杂草稻防治措施存在的不足,建议加强杂草稻生物学特性和发生规律的研究,从源头上控制杂草稻并切断其传播途径;同时,加强有效控制杂草稻方法的研究,以保证我国水稻的安全和可持续生产。

As one of the world＇s most important cereal crops, the high production and quality of rice plays an important role in global food security. Weedy rice is noxious weed in rice fields and significantly lowers the yield and quality of rice pro- duction ; it is also a challenge to rice production and a threat to rice security in China. This paper introduces the basic fea- tures of weedy rice such as seed shattering, weediness, seed dormancy, pericarp color, short life- cycles, and rapid adap- tive evolution, which has caused significant damage to rice production. We also review the possible origins, genetic diver- sity and dispersion of weedy rice which brought about tremendous difficulties for weedy rice control. Since the limitations and disadvantages of the current applied control measures against weedy rice, we propose to strengthening studies on bio- logical characteristics and occurrence patterns of weedy rice, so as to control the weedy rice and prevent its dispersion pathways from origin. At the same time, we should strengthen studies on methods that can effectively control weedy rice, so as to guarantee the security and sustainability of rice production.