宝应县麦田杂草发生特点及除草剂对菵草的防除效果

Weed Incidence in Wheat Fields and Efficacy of Herbicides on Beckmannia syzigachne in Baoying County

于2014年运用"七级目测法"及"W"形倒置9点取样法,对江苏省宝应县不同土壤类型麦田杂草种类、田间杂草优势种群、分布状况进行了调查,并通过田间试验验证了不同除草剂对优势杂草种群的防效。结果表明,宝应县麦田杂草为禾本科及阔叶类杂草并存,其中以禾本科为主,主要涉及13科28种,优势种为牛繁缕、日本看麦娘、菵草,其发生频度分别为66.6%、33.0%、22.0%;7.5%啶磺草胺WG与8%炔草酯EW 900 m L/hm2及以上混用、单用8%炔草酯EW 600 m L/hm2及以上、5%唑啉·炔草酸EC 1 200 m L/hm2、15%炔草酯WP480 g/hm2处理区在药后45 d,其对菵草株防效均在95%以上,鲜质量防效均在94%以上,明显好于单用7.5%啶磺草胺WG 187.5 m L/hm2、6.9%精唑禾草灵EC 1 500 m L/hm2处理区。

Species, dominance and distribution of weeds in wheat fields in Baoying County with different soil pattern were investigated in 2014 using a sampling method based on visual scoring with a seven point scale at nine field spots following an inverted W - pattern. The efficacy of herbicides on dominant weeds was also tested in a field experiment. Gramineae and breadleaf weeds were the most common weeds in wheat fields, the gramineous weeds being the most dominant species. Thirteen families and 28 species of weeds were found; the three most dominant weed species were Malachium aquaticum, Alopecurus japonicus, and Beckmannia syzigachne, with a frequency of 67% ,33% and 22%, respectively. The mixture of pyroxsulam 7.5%WG and clodinafop -propargyl 8% EW at 900 mL/hm2, as well as clodinafop -propargyl 8% EW at 600 mL/hm2 , pinoxaden · clodinafop - propargyl 5% EC at 1 200 mL/hm2, clodinafop - propargyl 15% WP at 480 g/hm2 were applied to control B. syzigachne. Efficacy of the four treatments was above 95% ,and controlled the weed at above 94% after 45 days. Efficacy was superior than that obtained with Pyroxsulam 7.5% WG at 187.5 mL/hm2 and fenoxaprop - P - ethyl 6.9% EC at 1 500 mL/hm2.