以基础护理学课程改革为切入点探讨提高护生职业胜任力的培养

Study on the improvement of job competency among nursing students from the aspect of reforming the Fundamental Nursing courses

目的 通过对护理本科基础护理学课程进行改革,探讨提高护理学专业本科生毕业前的职业胜任力.方法 以2011级护理学专业本科生3个班86人作为对照组,采取传统教学方式;以2012级本科生4个班119人作为实验组,分别从教学计划、授课内容、授课方式、考核方式对基础护理学课程进行改革,采用“护生职业胜任力水平评价表”和“医学教育环境测量表”进行效果评价.结果 职业胜任力方面,实验组与对照组不论在总分还是个人特质、临床能力、沟通、评判性思维、专业建设维度得分比较差异均有统计学意义[（35.71±3.82）分比（33.41±4.77）分、（55.29±8.29）分比（43.93±8.68）分、（22.19±2.71）分比（19.88±2.96）分、（16.83±2.85）分比（14.37±2.71）分、（37.78±6.31）分比（32.42±5.72）分],t=-3.695、-9.498、-5.796、-6.224、-6.242,P＜0.01,实验组得分显著高于对照组.医学教育环境方面,实验组与对照组在学生对教师的知觉、对学术自我知觉、社交的自我知觉维度比较差异有统计学意义[（35.23±5.72）分比（31.28±6..22）分、（21.42±4.19）分比（23.42±3.53）分、（19.44±3.86）分比（18.19±3.47）分],t=-4.523、-3.503、-2.308,P＜0.01或＜0.05;而在对学习的知觉、对环境的知觉以及医学教育环境总分方面比较差异无统计学意义,t=-1.866、0.725、-1.705,P＞0.05.结论 通过对护理学专业主干课程基础护理学进行改革,能够有效提高护生的职业胜任力,改善部分教学环境,为护生走进临床工作奠定良好的基础.

Objective To explore the effect on job competency by reforming Fundamental Nursing courses among undergraduate nursing students.Methods 86 nursing undergraduates in Grade 2011 were recruited as the control group receiving conventional teaching method,while 119 students in Grade 2012 were recruited as the experimental group receiving reform of fundamental nursing courses.The teaching outcomes were evaluated by using Job Competence of Nursing Students Evaluation Form and Medical education environment measurement table.Results The reform of fundamental nursing courses had significantly elevated all the aspects of professional competency among nursing undergraduates （P〈0.01）,including personal traits,clinical ability,communication,critical thinking,specialty construction[（35.71 ± 3.82） vs.（33.41 ± 4.77）,（55.29 ± 8.29） vs.（43.93 ± 8.68）,（22.19 ± 2.71） vs.（19.88 ± 2.96）,（16.83 ± 2.85） vs.（14.37 ± 2.71）,（37.78 ± 6.31） vs.（32.42 ± 5.72）].Meanwhile,three dimensions of medical education environment for nursing students were also improved,including the student39;s perception of the teacher,self academic perception,self social perception [（35.23 ±5.72） vs.（31.28 6..22）,（21.42 ±4.19） vs.（23.42 ±3.53）,（19.44 ± 3.86） vs.（18.19 ± 3.47）,t=-4.523、-3.503、-2.308,P〈0.01 or 0.05）].However,there was no significant differences in the aspects of learning perception,environment perception,and the total score of medical education environment （t=-1.866、0.725、-1.705,P〉0.05）.Conclusions The professional competence and parts of the teaching environment around the nursing students have been elevated through the reform of Fundamental Nursing course.The reform also laid a solid foundation for the employment of nursing students.