邢台市核桃林水土保持效益分析

Soil and Water Conservation Benefits of Walnut Forests in Xingtai City

[目的]分析不同树龄核桃林在不同栽植模式下的水土保持效益,为该区核桃经济林栽培技术技术的完善以及水土流失的有效防治提供理论依据。[方法]以河北省邢台市裸地和不同核桃林地内的径流场为研究对象,采用野外试验布设和室内分析测定相结合的方法,以裸地为对照研究了不同核桃林在天然降雨后的产流产沙特征。[结果]（1）在常规核桃林、核桃—苜蓿林和核桃—生态放养（鸡）林3种核桃林栽植模式中,核桃—苜蓿林保水保土效果表现最优,径流系数在0.14%~0.30%之间,径流含沙量在4.04~8.95kg/m3之间。（2）在同一核桃林栽植模式中,随着核桃树树龄的增长其保水保土作用也逐渐增强。5年生核桃林的径流系数和径流含沙量平均为3年生核桃林的95.90%和83.63%,8年生核桃林的径流系数和径流含沙量平均为3年生核桃林的94.54%和77.66%。[结论]核桃林适宜的栽植模式可以在增加经济效益的同时,有效地控制水土流失,在实际应用中,应针对不同的地形条件、降雨特性进行合理的选择。

[Objective] Studing the soil and water conservation benefits of walnut forest with different ages and planting patterns, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of walnut forest cultivation technology system and effective prevention and control of soil and water conservation in Xingtai City. [Methods] The runoff fields of bare land and different walnut woodlands in Xingtai City, Hebei Province were used as the research objects. Runoff and sediment characteristics of the walnut forests were studied after the natu- ral rainfall with the bare land as control by the method of field measurement and laboratory analysis. [Results] （1） In the conventional walnut forests, walnut--alfalfa forests and walnut--eco-stocking（with chicken in site） forests, the soil and water conservation effects of the walnut--alfalfa forests were the best with the runoff coefficient of 0. 14% to 0. 30% and the runoff sediment concentration of 4.04 kg/m3 to 8.95 kg/m3 ; （2） In the same walnut forests planting mode, the soil and water conservation effect gradually increased with the growth of walnut trees, the runoff coefficient and runoff sediment concentration of 5 a walnut forests were 95.90% and 83.63% of the corresponding value of 3 a walnut forests averagely, and 8 a walnut forests were 94.54% and 77.66% of the value of 3 a walnut forests averagely. [Conclusion] Suitable planting pattern of the walnut forests could control the erosion effectively and increase the economic benefits, so reasonable choices should be made according to the terrain conditions and rainfall characteristics of different regions for practical application.