水土资源承载力区域差异与影响因素

Regional Differences and Influencing Factors of Soil-water Resources Carrying Capacity

[目的]探究当前我国各区域水土资源承载力的异质性变化规律,为现阶段我国宏观水土流失治理提供实证建议。[方法]基于2011年的省际面板数据选用多指标评价体系运用因子分析法进行了水土资源承载力的综合评价,在此基础上,结合各区域经济发展水平构建综合评价矩阵对31个省区进行聚类分析。[结果](1)河北、山东和河南省的综合分值位于全国前3位;青海省、天津市和上海市位于后3位。(2)河北、山东和湖北等8个地区属于"承载力强—经济强"型。河南、四川、黑龙江等7个地区属于"承载力强—经济弱"型,吉林、陕西、福建等7个地区属于"承载力弱—经济强"型,而云南、新疆、海南等9个地区属于"承载力弱—经济弱"型。[结论]地区第一产业生产总值、农村改水累计受益人口、废水排放总量等是导致我国水土资源承载力状况存在一定程度区域差异的主要因素。

[Objective] To analyze regional differences in soil-water resources carrying capacity in order to provide empirical suggestions on controlling soil and water loss at present stage in our country. [-Methods] The article selected panel data of 2011 to make up multi-index evaluation system of soil-water resources carrying capacity. Further more, we clustered 31 regions by constructing evaluation matrix on level of economic development. [Results] （1） Hebei, Shandong and Henan Provinces are the national top three, while Qinghai Province, Tianjin City and Shanghai City are located in national final three. （2） Eight areas including Hebei, Shandong, H ubei Provinces belong to ＂strong carrying capacity, strong economy＂ areas, seven areas including He＇nan, Sichuan and Heilongjiang Provinces belong to ＂strong carrying capacity, weak economy＂ areas, seven areas including Jilin, Shanxi and Fujian Provinces belong to ＂weak carrying capacity, strong economy＂ areas, nine areas including Yunnan, Xinjiang and Hainan Provinces belong to ＂weak carrying capacity, weak economy＂ areas. [Conclusion] There are some differences on soil-water resources carrying capacity in different regions of China because of the differences between gross domestic product of primary industry, cu- mulative benefit population of water improvement in rural, total volume of waste water discharged and so on.