土地发展利益的物权法调整模式

The Adjustment Mode of Land Development Interests of the Property Law

英美法系通过建立土地发展权制度实现对土地发展利益的法律调整,其核心功能在于实现对超越不动产法定使用限度所产生的增值利益的合理分配以及对其他不动价值减损的公平补偿。尽管两大法系法律制度之间的巨大差异,土地发展权概念难以直接见融于我国现行法律体系之内。但事实上,通过对英美法系土地发展权概念的分析,不难发现,土地发展权的功能可以加载于大陆法系物权法中所有权及用益物权的使用权能。囿于物权法定原则的限制,尽管土地发展权不能成为一项独立的物权,但是土地发展利益可以依靠物权法规则加以调整,进而形成法定的土地发展利益与约定的土地发展利益两种类型。前者通过不动产相邻关系的修正以及对《物权法》中征收补偿范围的解释得以实现;后者则完全可以纳入地役权制度范畴之中。

Common law countries realize the legal adjustment through the establishment of land development rights system, and its core function is to realize the real legal use limit of valueadded benefits generated by ra- tional distribution and fair burden on the other value loss. Referring to the idea, this system will help to acceler- ate the legalized and normalized process of the development of our country land interest adjustment mecha- nism. But because of the gap between the two big law legal systems, land development rights concept is difficult to directly acknowledged under China＇ s current legal system. In fact, through the analysis of the concept of land development rights of Anglo - American law system, the function of the land development right can be loaded in the ownership of the property law under continental law system and the access to usufructuary fight. Constrained by the principle of statutory real right limits, although land development rights cannot become an independent property rights, but land development interests can rely on the rules of law to adjust, the two types of land development of the legal real estate neighbo tion, the latter can ring relations be built into interests and agreed by the land developments. The former can be .realized by correction and compensation scope on the property law through the interpreta- the category of easement system.