灌水量和时期对小麦影响的研究综述

Review of the Effects of Irrigation Quantity and Stage on Wheat

水资源不足是限制中国北方地区小麦生产的主要因素之一,小麦关键生育期的水分亏缺对小麦的生长发育、生理特性及最终产量的形成具有显著的影响,而适时适量灌水不仅可有效降低干旱胁迫的危害,而且有助增强小麦的生态适应性和抗逆性。针对小麦生长发育不同阶段的需水特性合理灌溉,是充分利用有限水资源,提高作物水分利用率和产量的重要途径之一。通过对相关资料的整理阐述了灌水时期和灌水量对小麦光合效应、养分吸收积累、品质、水分利用效率、农艺性状及产量的影响,并指出今后在小麦节水灌溉方面应进一步深入研究的环节,试图为中国小麦节水高效灌溉及产量的进一步提高提供科学依据和理论帮助。

The shortage of water resources is one of the main factors to limit wheat production in northern China, water deficit at critical growing stages of wheat has significant influence on wheat growth and development, physiological characteristics and final yield, while the timely and appropriate irrigation can not only effectively reduce the hazards of drought stress, but also help to enhance the ecological adaptability and stress resistance of wheat. Reasonable irrigation according to wheat water demand characteristics at different growth and development stages is an important way to make full use of limited water resources and improve water use efficiency and yield of crops. This paper described the impact of irrigation stage and quantity on wheat photosynthesis, nutrient uptake and accumulation, grain quality, water use efficiency, agronomic traits and yield, by collecting the research data of relevant information, and pointed out the link of water-saving irrigation of wheat in the future that should be further studied, trying to provide scientific basis and theoretical help for water-saving and efficient irrigation and increasing yield of wheat in China.