语境论与哲学的诠释转向

Contextualism and Hermeneutic Turn in Philosophy

哲学中的"诠释转向"是一种实践的转向,它实际上包含了两个方面:既有分析哲学和科学哲学的诠释转向,同时也包含了诠释学哲学的语言实践转向。这种实践强调语言的对话活动,通过对话和交流达到"视域融合"。"视域融合"不是融合为一种解释和理解,而是要发现意义的多层次结构。意义的多层次结构是由指称所处的不同语境决定的,在这种意义上讲,语境是通过文本展现出来的指称的总体。而诠释学的任务就是通过揭示文本指称的关联语境,以获得文本的多层次意义。

The hermeneutic turn is a practical conversion in philosophy,which has two aspects： one is hermeneutic turn of analytical philosophy and philosophy of science,and the other is linguistic practice turn of hermeneutic philosophy. This kind of practice emphasizes dialogical activity of language,and can attain ＂fusion of horizons＂through dialogue and communication. The ＂fusion of horizons＂does not fuse interpretation and understanding into one,but to discover the varied levels of construction of meaning. The varied levels of construction of meaning are determined by different contexts where reference situates. In this sense,context is whole of reference presented by the text. The task of hermeneutics is to reveal the related context of text and to obtain varied meaning of the text.