晋末南朝灵宝派经教仪式与天文历算关系新论

Relationship of Teachings and Rituals of the Lingbao School in Daoism and Ancient Mathematics of Astronomy Calendar at the End of the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties

灵宝派继承了早期道教研习天文历算学的传统,所传经典认为宇宙并非杂乱无章,天地运度、星辰度数均可推算。灵宝派之道不再仅是某种非对象性活动下的神秘经验,而亦一变为人的对象性活动中所把握的自然规律。作为神圣天书的灵宝经被认为是神真推算历法选择时节后方传诸世,历算活动中对天文异常变化的把握亦成为信众勤行灵宝经法的心理动因。灵宝派通过天文历算研究,试图为道教神学寻找理性与经验基础。其整理道教科仪、提升道教组织素质的活动虽属信仰行为,但实际上增强了传统数学与天文学传播发展的社会基础。

The Lingbao school in Daoism inheritated the tradition of early Daoism,and the Lingbao scriptures hold the view that the universe is not irregular,and the astronomy and the earth degrees can be caculated. Dao in the Lingbao school is not only some numinous experience in a kind of non-object activity,but also becmes natural law human can cognize in object oriented activity. As sacred books,Lingbao scriptures were said to have appeared after the immortals calculated the calendar. And the cognition of the abnormal changes in astronomy and geography became the psychological motivation of believers to parctice Lingbao teachings seriously. Through the study of mathematics of astronomy calendar,Lingbao school tried to find a rational and empirical foundation of Daoist thoughts.Although their efforts to reorganize Daoist rituals and improve the organizational quality were behaviour based on belief,they actually enhanced the social foundation of the spread and development of traditional mathematics and astronomy.