淮北地区晚播小麦产量构成分析及抗晚播品种筛选研究

Study on Yield Components and Screening of Varieties Resistance to Late-sowing in Huaibei Area

为筛选适合安徽淮北地区种植的晚播小麦品种,以20份淮北地区主栽小麦品种为材料,研究了晚播（11月14日）条件下小麦品种的产量构成,并分析了不同小麦品种的抗晚播能力特性。结果表明,晚播小麦品种的产量变幅为6939.30~8112.75 kg/hm2,产量构成间的变异表现为穗粒数〉穗数〉千粒重;在晚播小麦品种的产量构成中,穗数和穗粒数与产量呈正相关,其中穗粒数与产量间的相关极显著（r=0.578）,千粒重与产量间呈负相关,但未达显著水平;多元回归分析表明,单位面积穗数（X1）、穗粒数（X2）和千粒重（X3）对单位面积产量的形成具有真实的回归关系,所构建的回归方程为Y=71.964＋3.483X1＋5.327X2＋2.533X3;聚类分析表明,20个主栽品种在遗传距离为1.206处被划分为4类,同时根据聚类结果,筛选了一批抗晚播能力较强的品种,如‘皖科06290’、‘许科1号’、‘宿553’和‘周麦27’等,这些品种可作为安徽淮北地区晚播条件下种植的理想品种。

With 20 main wheat varieties of Huaibei area as the test materials, a field experiment was carried out to study the yield components and the characteristics of resistance to late-sown in the condition of late- lowing. The results indicated that the average yield range of late-sown wheat was from 6939.30 kg/hm2 to 8112.75 kg/hm2, and the variances of yield components was kernels per spike 〉 numbers of spike 〉 1000- grain weight. Correlation analysis showed that yield was correlated with number of spike （r=0.259）, kernels per ear （r=0.578） and 1000-grain weight （r=-0.360）. Multiple regression equation of yield with its components was Y=71.964＋3.483X1＋5.327X2＋2.533X3. According to the cluster analysis, all of these varieties were divided into four main and some secondary groups, ＇Wanke 06290＇, ＇Xuke 1 ＇, ‘Su 553＇ and ＇Zhoumai 27＇ which could be used as ideal varieties for late-sown planting in Huaibei Area of Anhui Province were screened.