长期连作对不同花生品种生长发育、产量与品质的影响

Effect of Long Term Continuous Cropping on the Growth,Yield and Quality of Different Peanut Varieties

花生是中国重要的油料作物和经济作物,连作障碍已成为花生产业发展面临的突出问题。为解析长期连作对不同花生品种生长发育、产量及内在品质的影响,笔者对7个不同花生品种在3年连作地块和10年连作地块的生长发育、产量与产量构成及品质相关指标进行测定分析。结果表明花生出苗率与出苗时间不受连作年限长短影响,且品种间差异不大,但其他形态性状指标、产量与产量构成以及品质指标均受连作年限影响,且不同品种对连作年限的敏感度表现各异。综合生长发育与产量及产量构成各项指标,‘花育19号’、‘花育20号’、‘花育34号’对长期连作最为敏感,‘花育30号’和‘花育33号’敏感度居中;‘花育26号’和‘花育50号’属于对长期连作的耐受品种。花生内在品质同样受连作年限影响,但品种间对连作年限的反应有所差异。

Peanut is an important oil and economic crop in China, continuous cropping obstacle has become a serious problem in the development of peanut industry. In order to discover the influence of long term continuous cropping on the growth, yield and interior quality of different peanut varieties, the author measured and analyzed several indexes related to growth, yield and yield components and quality of seven different peanut varieties that were cultivated on 3 years＇ and 10 years＇ continuous cropping plots. It was showed that seedling emergence rate and emergence time were not affected by the continuous cropping years. The results showed that there was no relationship between emergence rate, emergence time and continuous cropping year, and there was no obvious difference among varieties. However, the other indicators like morphological traits, yield and yield components, quality index were all affected by continuous cropping, and different varieties presented diverse sensitivity to continuous cropping years. Based on the comparative analyses of the indexes related to growth, yield and yield components, ＇Huayu 19＇, ＇Huayu 20＇ and ＇Huayu 34＇ were most sensitive to long-term continuous cropping; the sensitivity of ＇Huayu 30＇ and Huayu 33＇ was in the middle; ＇Huayu 26＇ and ＇ Huayu 50＇ could be identified as long-term continuous cropping resistant varieties. Peanut interior quality was also affected by continuous cropping years, but there were differences among varieties in response to continuous cropping years.