为意义而战——论凯瑟琳·贝尔西的后结构主义文学意义观

Struggle for Meaning: Catherine Belsey's Viewpoints towards Literary Meaning

凯瑟琳·贝尔西是英国著名的后结构主义文学批评家,意义观是其文学批评的重要组成部分。贝尔西的意义观以索绪尔的结构主义语言学为基础,她运用索绪尔的差异性原理批评表现论和摹仿论,认为语言不是透明的,文学作品的意义不在于表达作者的意图或反映客观现实。以此为基础,贝尔西接受能指物质化的观点,把意义的范围从语言扩展到符号,强调符号(包括文学作品)有外延意义和内涵意义,内涵意义不是自然和永恒的,而是由意识形态或话语决定,意识形态的转变导致对文学作品内涵意义的阐释也相应发生变化。由此,贝尔西的意义观实现了从结构主义向后结构主义的转变。

Catherine Belsey is a well -known Poststructuralist literary critic of Britain.Belsey′s literary criticism is based on her understanding of the production of literary meaning.Her viewpoints towards literary meaning are built upon the Saussurean concept of “difference”,which makes her oppose expressive realism.More than that,she makes use of Barthes′concept of “the materiality of signifier”and amplifies the location of meaning.She regards that meaning is constructed by ideology and discourse.As a result of that,meaning is not born natural or fixed,it will change when the ideology changes.