新兵适应不良与焦虑、压力和自我效能的关系

Relationship between self-efficacy and maladaptation,anxiety,perceived stress

目的探讨新兵适应能力和焦虑以及自我效能的关系。方法选择某部354名2014年秋季入伍士兵,在入伍1个月后进行团体测试,采用普遍性适应不良问卷(Gm)、状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)、一般自我效能量表(GSES)、感知压力问卷(PSS)进行测评。用独立样本t检验、Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归等方法进行分析。结果独立样本t检验显示,不同特征的新兵在普遍适应不良量表与2个焦虑量表上的得分差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。Pearson相关分析显示新兵心理适应不良与状态焦虑、特质焦虑呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与自我效能呈显著负相关(P<0.01),感知压力与自我效能呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。不同心理适应水平的新兵在状态焦虑、特质焦虑、自我效能上差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。回归分析显示,状态焦虑(β=0.487)、特质焦虑(β=0.143)、自我效能(β=-0.078)、感知压力(β=0.098)4个自变量能够解释心理适应不良39.6%的变异,其中最显著影响的预测变量为状态焦虑。结论状态焦虑、感知压力等因素会在一定程度上影响新兵的心理适应能力,应考虑在新兵集训期间采取有效的心理支持与辅导,缓解新兵对应激情境的焦虑状况,从而提高新兵的心理适应能力。

[Objective]To explore the relationship between self-efficacy and maladaptation, anxiety, perceived stress.[Methods]A total of 354 recruits enlisted in Fall 2014 were selected for group test after 1 month, Universality maladjustment questionnaire （Gin）, the state-trait anxiety inventory （STAI）, general self-efficacy scale （GSES）, perceived stress questionnaire （PSS） were adopted for evaluation. Independent sample t test, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used for analysis. [Results]Independent sample t test showed that the differences of GM and the STAI of the recruits with different characteristics were significant （both P〈0.01 ）. Pearson correlation analysis showed the maladaption was positively correlated with state anxiety and trait anxiety（P〈0.01 ）, while negatively correlated with self-efficacy（P〈0.01 ）. Perceived stress was significantly and positively correlated with self-efficacy（P〈0.01 ）. Different adaptation level of the recruits showed significant difference in state anxiety, trait anxiety and self-efficacy （P〈0.01）. Regression analysis showed that 4 independent variables of state anxiety （β=0.487）, trait anxiety（ β=0.143 ）, self-efficacy（ β=-0.078 ）, perceived stress（ β=0.098 ） could explain 39.6% of the variance of psychological maladaptation, among which state anxiety had the most significant impact on maladaptation. [Conclusion]State anxiety, trait anxiety and perceived stress affects the adaptability of new recruits to a certain extent. Psychological support and counseling should be given during the recruit training to alleviate the anxiety status and the stress situation, so as to improve the psychological adaptability of recruits.