2009-2013年永州市零陵区手足口病流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis on HFMD in Lingling District of Yongzhou City from 2009-2013

目的调查分析永州市零陵区2009—2013年手足口病的流行特征,为制定手足口病的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对疫情数据进行统计分析,对重症患者、死亡病例进行流行病学调查,采咽试子标本进行检测。结果 5年共报告手足口病7 994例,重症患者60例,死亡8例;年均报告发病率为263.33/10万,年均死亡率为0.26/10万,病死率为0.10%。发病最高峰为4—7月,共发病4 638例,占发病总数的58.02%;城区发病率明显高于农村,差异有统计学意义（χ2=242.25,P〈0.01）;发病以0~3岁组小年龄儿童为主（7 219例）,占发病总数的90.31%;男女性别比为1.78∶1;以散居儿童为主,发病7 743例,占发病总数的96.86%。采咽拭子标本368份,阳性率为70.11%;60例重症病例,EVT1阳性占68.33%。结论0~3岁组散居儿童是手足口病防控重点人群,采取综合防控措施是预防控制手足口病的主要方法 。

[Objective]To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characters of Hand, Food and Mouth Disease （HFMD） in Lingling District of Yongzhou City from 2009-2013, and provide a scientific basis for developing control measures of HFMD. [Methods]Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the epidemic data. All severe and death cases were investigated and pharynx samples were collected and for laboratory test.[Results]A total of 7 994 cases of HFMD （including 60 severe cases and 8 death cases） were reported in 5 years. The average incidence rate was 263.33/100 000, with annual mortality rate of 0.26/100 000 in average. The fatality rate was 0.1%. The incidence peak appeared in April-July, with 4 638 cases, accounting for 58% of the total cases. Urban incidence was significantly higher than rural incidence （χ2 =242.25,P〈0.01 ）. The cases of children aged 0-3 years amounted to 7219, accounting for 90.3% of the total cases. The male-to-female ratio was 1.78：1. The majority of HFMD were scattered children （7 743 cases）, accounting for 96.9% of the total cases. Totally 368 throat swab specimens were collected, with the positive rate of 70.11%. Of 60 severe cases, 68.33% were EVT1 positive.[Conclusion]The key population for the prevention and control of HFMD is the scattered children aged 0-3 years. The principal method for HFMD is to take composite prevention and control measures.