国有企业深化改革的方略

General Plan for Deepening Reform of State-owned Enterprises

已有的国有企业改革,围绕着国有资产的资本化而进行,即如何有效地将原有的生产性国有资产转变为经营性的国有资本。这种改革虽然促进了中国的市场化,但也正在形成由利益集团掌控大量社会资源为特征的权贵资本主义。深化改革应当以将国有企业转变为非营利性公法企业以及建立国有资产的宪政治理架构作为终极目标。在此基础上,提出了深化国有企业改革的具体措施。国有企业的近期改革方案,应当围绕打破国有企业的行政性垄断、规范国有企业的行为这两个重要方面而设计。其意义在于,促进不同经济主体充分、公平地展开经济竞争,从而更好地实现我国的社会正义,提高经济效率。为此,要"清理行政规定,规范政府行为;破除行政壁垒,加强公平竞争",以及"改善国有企业的治理结构,完善国有企业的分配制度,加强对国有企业的监管"。若要达成国有企业改革的终极目标,就必须遵循"一般政府原则、非经营性原则、公共性原则、特例原则"等宪政原则;转变政府职能,将收入型政府转变为服务型政府;促使国有资本(国有企业)从营利性领域退出。

The existing reforms of the state-owned enterprises are undertaken mainly in the capitalization of the state-owned assets,i.e.,how to efficiently transform the existing state-owned assets for production into that for operative capital.Such reforms push forward the marketisation of China;however,they also facilitate crony capitalism that features the possession of massive social resources by the interest groups.To deepen the reforms requires the transformation of state-owned enterprises into non- for- profit public enterprises and a framework of constitutional governance for state-owned capital.Therefore,it is on this basis that the specific measures to further the reform of state-owned enterprises are proposed.The short-term reform plan should be targeting at breaking the administrative monopoly and regulating the behaviours of state- owned enterprises.This plan intends to promote sufficient and fair economic competition between economic entities in order to better establish the social justice and raise economic efficiency.Therefore,what needs to be done is 'sort out administrative regulations ponstrain government behaviours;break the administrative monopoly,and enhance fair competition',and 'improve the governance structure of state-owned enterprises perfect the distribution system for state-owned enterprises,and enhance supervision on the state-owned enterprises.' In order to achieve the ultimate goal of reform of state- owned enterprises,the constitutional principles such as the principles of 'general government,non-for-profit publicity,and exception' must be followed;and the function of the government should be changed from revenue- making government to service- providing government;and state- owned capital(state- owned enterprises)should exit from operative areas.