老年人身体照护代理制度研究——基于生命权与自决权的法益衡量

The Research on the Health Care Agents and Proxies——Benefits Measurement Based on the Right of Life and Self-determination

生命权和自决权同属于基本权利,它们的顺位选择使得老年人身体照护代理制度陷入伦理困境,不应当以尊重老年人的自主决定权为借口,武断地忽视病人可能发生变化的自主决定权。为此,应当构建"照护"为中心的分享型代理模式,基于个案分析预立指示的有效性;应当把握"比例原则"与"禁止保护不足"原则适用的度,以个案为基础,遵从自主原则、不伤害原则与诚实原则考量生命权与尊严权保护之先后顺序;应当以实体公正与程序公正保障与限制公权机关的适度监督。

The right of life and the right of self-determination are the basic right,the choice of their order make the Health Care Agents and Proxies fall into the ethical dilemma.We should not ignore the changing decisions in excuse of the respect.We should construct the care-center sharing mode,analysis the validity of the advanced directive based on the individual cases.We should hold the degree of the proportion principle and the prohibition of inadequate protection principle,and obey the principles of independence,avoid stepping and faithfulness to inspect the order of the right of life and the right of self- determination.We should ensure and restrict the appropriate supervision by the procedural and substantial justice in the law of Health Care Agents And Proxies.