乌鲁木齐松树头煤田火区植被恢复的物种筛选

Screening plant species for revegetation on the coal fire wasteland in Songshutou,Urumqi

为筛选乌鲁木齐松树头煤田火区植被恢复时的适宜植物种类,采用样方法调查了煤田火区废弃地及周边环境的植物种类、数量、盖度以及频度等指标,分析其在矿区及东、南、西、北4个相邻区域内的分布,计算多样性、优势度。结果表明,研究区共有16科38属43种植物;南区的Margalef指数和Shannon指数最大,Pielou指数最小,均匀性差;西区的Margalef指数和Shannon指数最小,均匀度也比较小;南区与东区之间的β多样性最低,南区与西区之间的β多样性最高,而与矿区相关的β多样性中,西区与矿区之间最小,南区与矿区之间最大。针茅(Stipa capillata)在整个调查范围内分布最广,在南区、东区、矿区,针茅为第一优势种。草原苔草(Carex liparocarpos)在南区、东区、北区、西区都是优势种。黄芪(Astragalus penduliflorus)在南区、东区、西区、矿区均有分布,且优势度较高。通过上述分析,筛选出针茅、黄芪、草原苔草作为煤火废弃地生态恢复的优先植物种,以南区与西区植物群落作为参照标准进行植被恢复。

In order to select suitable plant species for vegetation recovering at Songshutou coalfield fire wasteland in Urumqi,China,we investigated plant species at the wasteland and the surrounding regions. Species,abundance,coverage and frequency were recorded and used to calculate the diversity indices for delineating the quantitative phytosociological characters in the study area（ including the wasteland and its eastern,western,southern and northern surroundings）. The results showed that there were 16 families,38 genera,43 plant species in the study area. The maximum Margalef index and Shannon index were observed at the southern surrounding area,where the Pielou index was the smallest in this region. The western surrounding area had the minimum Margalef index,Shannon index and a relatively lower Pielou index. The difference of β index between the southern and eastern surrounding areas was the lowest,while the difference of β index between the southern and western surrounding areas was the highest. The difference of β index between the wasteland and its western surrounding area was the lowest,while the difference of β index between the wasteland and its southern surrounding area was the highest.Stipa capillata widely distributed over the entire area,and S. capillata was the first dominant species in the wasteland and its southern and eastern surroundings. Carex liparocarpos was the dominant specie in all surroundings. Astragalus penduliflorus was distributed in the wasteland and its southern and eastern western surroundings. Based on above analysis,we suggest that S. capillata,A. penduliflorus and C. liparocarpos can be used as the priority species for revegetation in the wasteland,and the southern and western surroundings can be used as the reference for restoration.