辽宁省春季土壤相对湿度特征及影响因素

Soil relative moisture characteristics and influencing factors in Liaoning Province in spring

以辽宁地区为研究区域,利用2004—2013年3—5月辽宁省49个气象站的土壤参数数据和常规气象要素的日值数据、2004—2010年5月辽西地区农业气象试验站土壤水分数据以及辽宁省各地区土壤参数进行统计分析,采用相关分析、回归分析、因子分析、插值分析等统计方法,研究了辽宁省播种期土壤相对湿度特征及其与土壤性质、作物种类和气象因子的关系。结果表明：辽宁省春季土壤相对湿度逐年平均增加1.6%,东南部地区的土壤相对湿度通常高于辽宁省的西北部;全省大部分地区土壤田间持水量处于20%～25%;耕种作物后土壤相对湿度降低5.6%～36.4%;在不同气象要素中,土壤相对湿度与前期土壤相对湿度的相关性最大（0.48）,与水汽压的相关性最小（-0.08）。土壤自身性质、耕种作物种类和不同气象因素对土壤相对湿度均有影响。在春播期土壤湿度预报中,应充分考虑这些要素带来的影响。

The soil relative moisture characteristics of Liaoning in seeding period and the relationships between soil relative moisture and soil property,crop varieties and meteorological factors were studied. Statistical methods were adopted including correlation analysis,regression analysis,factor analysis and interpolation analysis. Data collection covered the soil parameters and the daily value of conventional meteorological factors from 49 weather stations in Liaoning from March to May,2004- 2013,soil moisture data from agro-meteorological experimental stations in western Liaoning in May,2004-2010 and regional soil parameters of Liaoning. The relative soil moisture of Liaoning in spring increased by 1. 6% per year on average,and it was usually higher in the southeast than in the northwest. In most parts of the province,the soil water-holding capacity was20%-25%. Crop tillage would reduce soil relative moisture by 5.6%-36.4%. Among the meteorological factors,soil relative moisture in previous period had the greatest impact on soil relative moisture（ r = 0.48）,and vapor pressure had the least（ r =-0.08）. Soil relative moisture was influenced by soil property,cultivated crop varieties and various meteorological factors,which we should take full account in soil moisture forecast during seeding time in spring.