基于水质与生物指标的松花江流域水生态健康评价

Health assessment of aquatic ecosystems in the Songhua River Basin on the basis of water quality and biological indicators

人类对流域水资源的过度开发与超负荷利用,使水生态系统的健康受到了日益严重的影响,并直接威胁到社会经济的可持续发展以及人类的生存环境。本研究通过对松花江流域水生态系统的调查,结合国内外现有的研究成果,构建了基于水质与生物指标两个方面的水生态系统健康评价指标体系,并辅以综合污染指数法计算出各样点的健康评价得分,对松花江流域的水生态系统健康进行综合评价。松花江流域上游的健康状况良好,中下游部分区域的健康评价为一般和差;各样点之间的健康状况评价中,营养盐指标与浮游藻类、鱼类指标之间的相关性显著,而生物学指标的评价结果整体好于水质指标。结果表明,松花江流域水生态系统的健康在整体上处于中等水平。

The overexploitation and overloaded utilization of water resources from river basins not only affect the health of aquatic ecosystems increasingly,but also have a direct threat to the sustainable development of social economy and the survival environment of human beings. Through our investigation on aquatic ecosystems of the Songhua River Basin,combined with current research results at home and abroad,the index system of health assessment for aquatic ecosystems was constructed on the basis of water quality and biological indicators,and the health assessment score of various samples from the Songhua River Basin was calculated by the comprehensive pollution index method. Ultimately,a comprehensive assessment for ecological health of the Songhua River Basin was accomplished. The upstream watershed was in good health,while the health situation in the downstream part of the Basin was moderate and even poor. The assessment of the health status among samples from the Songhua River Basin indicated that there was a significant correlation between nutrients and planktonic algae,between nutrients and fishes as well,and the assessment result by using biological indicators was overall better than that by using water quality indicators. The results showed that the health of aquatic ecosystems of the Songhua River Basin was at a moderate level as a whole.