用于研究种子风力传播的野外环境风洞

A portable wind tunnel for studying seed dispersal by wind: Test and evaluation

为了研究种子风力传播过程,中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所与中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心合作研制了一座野外环境风洞。风洞要求能够在传播体尺度、植株尺度和景观尺度上满足种子风力传播过程的室内和野外研究,特别强调在野外起伏地形下能够开展种子传播过程观测。基于此,风洞设计为2 m×2 m的实验段断面,并采用错落式安装。在4种不同下垫面(砖块地面、沙地、农田土地、砾石地)3种不同风速(4.6,5.7和8.0 m獉s-1)下测试结果显示,风洞底板边界层和侧壁边界层分别为28和15 cm,风洞气流稳定性系数<4%,横向不均匀度<7%,紊流度在6%左右。测评显示,本风洞能满足在传播体尺度、植株尺度与景观尺度种子风力传播的室内和野外试验。

A portable wind tunnel,which was designed for investigating the seed dispersal by wind,was built by the Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Experimental Center of Desert Forest,Chinese Academy of Forestry. The wind tunnel was designed to satisfy the requirements of investigations at diaspore,plant individual and landscape scales.Therefore,the experiment section was determined as 2 m×2 m and the segments were fixed by a fluctuation way. The experiments on test and evaluation of the flow field,carried out under three wind speeds of 4.6,5.7 and 8.0 m·s-1,indicated that the flow stability coefficient was less than4%,the transverse uniformity was less than 7%,the turbulence was about 6%,and the thicknesses of the bottom boundary layer and side wall boundary layer were 28 cm and 15 cm,respectively. This study suggests that the wind tunnel meets the experiment requirements of seed dispersal by wind at diaspore,plant individual and landscape scales.