安徽省凤阳县石英砂行业农民工职业卫生知识认知水平及职业卫生服务需求调查

Investigation on cognitive level of occupational health knowledge and demands for occupational health service of migrant workers in quartz sand industry in Fengyang county of Anhui

目的分析安徽省凤阳县农民工对职业卫生知识的知晓情况与职业卫生服务需求现状及其影响因素,探讨提高农民工职业健康促进和职业卫生服务质量的对策。方法采用问卷调查方法对凤阳县42家石英砂生产企业468名农民工进行调查,对调查结果进行统计学分析。结果农民工对职业卫生知识总体知晓率为82.90%。其中农民工对粉尘对人体会产生健康损害的知晓率最高,为96.15%;对职业病诊断机构知晓率最低,为52.99%。农民工对配备个人防护用品需求最高,为95.51%;对工资收入的满意度最低,为32.26%。年龄小于30岁、大专及以上、中型企业中农民工职业卫生知识知晓率显著高于其他组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男性农民工职业卫生服务需求显著高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);微型企业农民工需求显著高于其他类型企业的农民工,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论该县石英砂企业农民工对职业卫生服务的需求较高,应鼓励督促企业开展职业卫生培训,特别应注重文化程度低、年龄偏大的员工,应加强职业卫生基本知识培训,提高农民工职业卫生知识知晓水平,满足农民工日益增长的职业卫生服务需求。

[Objective]To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of occupational health knowledge awareness and occupational health service demand among migrant workers in Fengyang county of Anhui, discuss the strategies of occupational health promotion and occupational health service quality improving of migrant workers.[nethods]A total of 468 migrant workers in 42 quartz sand production enterprises in Fengyang county were investigated by questionnaire method, the results were analyzed statistically. [Results]The overall awareness of occupational health knowledge among migrant workers was 82.90%, and the awareness of dust hazard was the highest （96.15%）, the awareness of occupational disease diagnosis institutions was the lowest （52.99%）. The demand for personal protective equipment was the highest （95.51%）, the satisfaction of wage was the lowest （32.26%）. The awareness rates of occupational health knowledge of migrant workers who were younger than 30 years old, college degree and above, in medium-sized enterprises were significantly higher than other groups, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.O1）. The demand for occupational health service of males was significant higher than females, the difference was statistically significant（P〈O.01 ）. Demand of migrant workers in micro-enterprise was significantly higher than those in other types of enterprises, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈O.O1）.[Conclusion]The demand for occupational health services of migrant workers in Quartz sands industry of Fengyang county is higher. The enterprises should be encouraged and urged to carry out occupational heahh training, especially pay attention to the ones who are in lower education and higher age. We should reinforce the training of basic knowledge of occupational health, raise the cognitive level of occupational health knowledge among migrant workers, satisfy their growing demand for occupational health services.